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MAX232, MAX232I  
DUAL EIA-232 DRIVER/RECEIVER  
SLLS047G – FEBRUARY 1989 – REVISED AUGUST 1998  
D, DW, OR N PACKAGE  
(TOP VIEW)  
Operates With Single 5-V Power Supply  
LinBiCMOS Process Technology  
Two Drivers and Two Receivers  
±30-V Input Levels  
V
C1+  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
16  
15  
14  
CC  
GND  
V
S+  
T1OUT  
C1–  
C2+  
C2–  
Low Supply Current . . . 8 mA Typical  
13 R1IN  
Meets or Exceeds TIA/EIA-232-F and ITU  
Recommendation V.28  
12 R1OUT  
11  
10  
9
T1IN  
V
S–  
Designed to be Interchangeable With  
Maxim MAX232  
T2IN  
T2OUT  
R2IN  
R2OUT  
Applications  
TIA/EIA-232-F  
Battery-Powered Systems  
Terminals  
?
logic symbol  
V
CC  
16  
CC  
Modems  
Computers  
V
1
C1+  
3
C1+  
C1–  
C2+  
C2–  
ESD Protection Exceeds 2000 V Per  
MIL-STD-883, Method 3015  
2
6
V
V
S+  
2V  
– 1.5 V  
+ 1.5 V  
CC  
C1–  
4
Package Options Include Plastic  
Small-Outline (D, DW) Packages and  
Standard Plastic (N) DIPs  
C2+  
5
–2V  
S–  
CC  
C2–  
14  
11  
T1IN  
T1OUT  
T2OUT  
R1IN  
description  
7
13  
8
10  
T2IN  
The MAX232 device is a dual driver/receiver that  
includes a capacitive voltage generator to supply  
EIA-232 voltage levels from a single 5-V supply.  
Each receiver converts EIA-232 inputs to 5-V  
TTL/CMOS levels. These receivers have a typical  
threshold of 1.3 V and a typical hysteresis of 0.5 V,  
and can accept ±30-V inputs. Each driver  
converts TTL/CMOS input levels into EIA-232  
levels. The driver, receiver, and voltage-generator  
functions are available as cells in the Texas  
Instruments LinASIC library.  
12  
R1OUT  
9
R2OUT  
R2IN  
0 V  
15  
GND  
?
This symbol is in accordance with ANSI/IEEE Std 91-1984 and IEC  
Publication 617-12.  
The MAX232 is characterized for operation from  
0°C to 70°C. The MAX232I is characterized for  
operation from –40°C to 85°C.  
AVAILABLE OPTIONS  
PACKAGED DEVICES  
SMALL  
OUTLINE  
(D)  
SMALL  
OUTLINE  
(DW)  
T
A
PLASTIC DIP  
(N)  
?
?
0°C to 70°C  
MAX232D  
MAX232DW  
MAX232N  
MAX232IN  
?
?
MAX232IDW  
–40°C to 85°C  
MAX232ID  
?
This device is available taped and reeled by adding an R to the part number (i.e., MAX232DR).  
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of  
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.  
LinASIC and LinBiCMOS are trademarks of Texas Instruments Incorporated.  
Copyright 1998, Texas Instruments Incorporated  
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.  
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments  
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include  
testing of all parameters.  
1
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 ? DALLAS, TEXAS 75265  
MAX232, MAX232I  
DUAL EIA-232 DRIVER/RECEIVER  
SLLS047G – FEBRUARY 1989 – REVISED AUGUST 1998  
?
absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)  
Input supply voltage range, V  
Positive output supply voltage range, V  
Negative output supply voltage range, V  
(see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0.3 V to 6 V  
CC  
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V  
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to –15 V  
– 0.3 V to 15 V  
S+  
S–  
CC  
Input voltage range, V : Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to V  
+ 0.3 V  
I
CC  
Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±30 V  
Output voltage range, V : T1OUT, T2OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V –0.3 V to V + 0.3 V  
O
S–  
S+  
CC  
R1OUT, R2OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to V  
+ 0.3 V  
Short-circuit duration: T1OUT, T2OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unlimited  
Package thermal impedance, θ (see Note 2): D package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113°C/W  
JA  
DW package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105°C/W  
N package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78°C/W  
Storage temperature range, T  
Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C  
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to 150°C  
stg  
?
Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and  
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not  
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.  
NOTE 1: All voltage values are with respect to network ground terminal.  
2. The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51, except for through-hole packages, which use a trace length  
of zero.  
recommended operating conditions  
MIN NOM  
MAX  
UNIT  
Supply voltage, V  
4.5  
2
5
5.5  
V
V
V
V
CC  
High-level input voltage, V (T1IN,T2IN)  
IH  
Low-level input voltage, V (T1IN, T2IN)  
IL  
0.8  
±30  
70  
Receiver input voltage, R1IN, R2IN  
MAX232  
MAX232I  
0
Operating free-air temperature,T  
°C  
A
–40  
85  
2
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 ? DALLAS, TEXAS 75265  
MAX232, MAX232I  
DUAL EIA-232 DRIVER/RECEIVER  
SLLS047G – FEBRUARY 1989 – REVISED AUGUST 1998  
electrical characteristics over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air  
temperature range (unless otherwise noted)  
?
PARAMETER  
TEST CONDITIONS  
= 3 k? to GND  
MIN TYP  
MAX  
UNIT  
T1OUT, T2OUT  
R
7
5
L
V
OH  
High-level output voltage  
V
R1OUT, R2OUT  
T1OUT, T2OUT  
R1OUT, R2OUT  
I
= –1 mA  
3.5  
OH  
R
= 3 k? to GND  
= 3.2 mA  
–7  
–5  
L
?
V
V
V
Low-level output voltage  
OL  
I
0.4  
OL  
Receiver positive-going input  
threshold voltage  
R1IN, R2IN  
R1IN, R2IN  
V
V
= 5 V,  
= 5 V,  
T
= 25°C  
= 25°C  
1.7  
1.2  
2.4  
V
V
IT+  
CC  
CC  
A
Receiver negative-going input  
threshold voltage  
V
V
T
A
0.8  
IT–  
Input hysteresis voltage  
Receiver input resistance  
Output resistance  
R1IN, R2IN  
V
V
V
V
= 5 V  
= 5,  
0.2  
3
0.5  
5
1
7
V
k?  
?
hys  
CC  
CC  
S+  
r
r
R1IN, R2IN  
T
A
= 25°C  
= ± 2 V  
= 0  
i
T1OUT, T2OUT  
T1OUT, T2OUT  
T1IN, T2IN  
= V  
S–  
= 5.5 V,  
= 0,  
V
300  
o
O
O
§
I
I
Short-circuit output current  
Short-circuit input current  
V
±10  
mA  
μA  
OS  
IS  
CC  
V = 0  
I
200  
10  
V
T
A
= 5.5 V,  
All outputs open,  
CC  
= 25°C  
I
Supply current  
8
mA  
CC  
?
?
All typical values are at V  
= 5 V, T = 25°C.  
A
CC  
The algebraic convention, in which the least positive (most negative) value is designated minimum, is used in this data sheet for logic voltage  
levels only.  
§
Not more than one output should be shorted at a time.  
switching characteristics, V  
= 5 V, T = 25°C  
A
CC  
PARAMETER  
TEST CONDITIONS  
See Figure 1  
MIN  
TYP  
500  
500  
MAX  
UNIT  
ns  
t
t
Receiver propagation delay time, low- to high-level output  
Receiver propagation delay time, high- to low-level output  
PLH(R)  
See Figure 1  
ns  
PHL(R)  
R
= 3 k? to 7 k?,  
L
SR  
Driver slew rate  
30  
V/μs  
V/μs  
See Figure 2  
SR(tr)  
Driver transition region slew rate  
See Figure 3  
3
3
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 ? DALLAS, TEXAS 75265  
MAX232, MAX232I  
DUAL EIA-232 DRIVER/RECEIVER  
SLLS047G – FEBRUARY 1989 – REVISED AUGUST 1998  
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION  
V
CC  
R
= 1.3 k?  
L
R1OUT  
or  
R2OUT  
R1IN  
or  
R2IN  
See Note C  
Pulse  
Generator  
(see Note A)  
C
= 50 pF  
L
(see Note B)  
TEST CIRCUIT  
≤ 10 ns  
≤ 10 ns  
3 V  
0 V  
90%  
50%  
90%  
50%  
Input  
10%  
10%  
500 ns  
t
PLH  
t
PHL  
V
V
OH  
Output  
1.5 V  
1.5 V  
WAVEFORMS  
NOTES: A. The pulse generator has the following characteristics: Z = 50 ?, duty cycle ≤ 50%.  
OL  
O
B.  
C includes probe and jig capacitance.  
L
C. All diodes are 1N3064 or equivalent.  
Figure 1. Receiver Test Circuit and Waveforms for t  
and t  
Measurements  
PHL  
PLH  
4
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 ? DALLAS, TEXAS 75265  
MAX232, MAX232I  
DUAL EIA-232 DRIVER/RECEIVER  
SLLS047G – FEBRUARY 1989 – REVISED AUGUST 1998  
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION  
T1IN or T2IN  
T1OUT or T2OUT  
Pulse  
Generator  
(see Note A)  
EIA-232 Output  
C
= 10 pF  
L
R
L
(see Note B)  
TEST CIRCUIT  
≤ 10 ns  
≤ 10 ns  
3 V  
0 V  
90%  
50%  
90%  
50%  
Input  
10%  
10%  
5 μs  
t
PLH  
t
PHL  
V
OH  
90%  
90%  
Output  
10%  
10%  
V
OL  
t
TLH  
t
THL  
0.8 (V  
t
–V  
)
0.8 (V –V  
)
OH OL  
OL OH  
THL  
SR  
or  
t
TLH  
WAVEFORMS  
NOTES: A. The pulse generator has the following characteristics: Z = 50 ?, duty cycle ≤ 50%.  
O
B.  
C includes probe and jig capacitance.  
L
Figure 2. Driver Test Circuit and Waveforms for t  
and t  
Measurements (5-μs input)  
PHL  
PLH  
Pulse  
Generator  
(see Note A)  
EIA-232 Output  
3 k?  
C
= 2.5 nF  
L
TEST CIRCUIT  
≤ 10 ns  
≤ 10 ns  
Input  
90%  
1.5 V  
90%  
1.5 V  
10%  
10%  
20 μs  
t
TLH  
t
THL  
V
V
OH  
3 V  
3 V  
Output  
–3 V  
6 V  
–3 V  
OL  
SR  
t
or t  
THL  
TLH  
WAVEFORMS  
NOTE A: The pulse generator has the following characteristics: Z = 50 ?, duty cycle ≤ 50%.  
O
Figure 3. Test Circuit and Waveforms for t  
and t  
Measurements (20-μs input)  
THL  
TLH  
5
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 ? DALLAS, TEXAS 75265  
MAX232, MAX232I  
DUAL EIA-232 DRIVER/RECEIVER  
SLLS047G – FEBRUARY 1989 – REVISED AUGUST 1998  
APPLICATION INFORMATION  
5 V  
16  
1 μF  
8.5 V  
– 8.5 V  
V
CC  
1
3
4
5
2
6
C1+  
C1–  
C2+  
C2–  
V
S+  
1 μF  
1 μF  
V
S–  
1 μF  
+
14  
11  
EIA-232 Output  
EIA-232 Output  
EIA-232 Input  
EIA-232 Input  
From CMOS or TTL  
To CMOS or TTL  
10  
12  
7
13  
8
9
0 V  
15  
GND  
Figure 4. Typical Operating Circuit  
6
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 ? DALLAS, TEXAS 75265  
IMPORTANT NOTICE  
Texas Instruments and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue  
any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information  
to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold  
subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgement, including those  
pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability.  
TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in  
accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent  
TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily  
performed, except those mandated by government requirements.  
CERTAIN APPLICATIONS USING SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS MAY INVOLVE POTENTIAL RISKS OF  
DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY, OR SEVERE PROPERTY OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE (“CRITICAL  
APPLICATIONS”). TI SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED, AUTHORIZED, OR  
WARRANTED TO BE SUITABLE FOR USE IN LIFE-SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS OR OTHER  
CRITICAL APPLICATIONS. INCLUSION OF TI PRODUCTS IN SUCH APPLICATIONS IS UNDERSTOOD TO  
BE FULLY AT THE CUSTOMER’S RISK.  
In order to minimize risks associated with the customer’s applications, adequate design and operating  
safeguards must be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards.  
TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. TI does not warrant or represent  
that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other  
intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which such  
semiconductor products or services might be or are used. TI’s publication of information regarding any third  
party’s products or services does not constitute TI’s approval, warranty or endorsement thereof.  
Copyright 1998, Texas Instruments Incorporated